Probabilistic computing is a physics-based beyond-von-Neumann framework proposed to meet the high energy-efficiency and performance demands of modern AI and combinatorial optimization problems [1] . A probabilistic computing platform is a control loop made up of probabilistic-bits (p-bits), which are essentially tunable random-number-generators (RNGs) [2] , and classical circuitry that updates the p-bit inputs ( Fig. 1a ). When a p-bit’s input is high, it is usually “1”, and when a p-bit’s input is low, it is usually “0” ( Fig. 1b ); in-between is a stochastic region wherein the probability...