Persona of Transition Metal Ions in Solids: A Statistical Learning on Local Structures of Transition Metal Oxides

The local structure of a transition metal (TM) ion is a function of cation elements and valence states. More than that, in this work, by employing a trove of first-principles data of TM oxides, the local structures of TM cations are statistically analyzed to extract detailed information about cation site preference, bond length, site structural distortion, and cation magnetization. It is found that cation radius alone poorly describes the local structure of a transition metal oxide, while the statistics of coordination number as well as the TMO bond length distribution, especially that of the 3d TMs, can provide comprehensive knowledge for understanding the behavior of TM elements. Based on these statistics, the interplay of site distortion due to the Jahn–Teller effect, cation site similarity, and a new set of ionic radii are all obtained to chart the “persona” of transition metal ions in solids.