2023 New's Items

Crystalline Polyphenylene Covalent Organic Frameworks

Han X
Yaghi OM
2023

The synthesis of crystalline polyphenylene covalent organic frameworks (COFs) was accomplished by linking fluorinated tris(4-acetylphenyl)benzene building units using aldol cyclotrimerization. The structures of the two COFs, reported here, were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction techniques, Fourier transform infrared, and solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. The results showed that the COFs were porous and chemically stable in corrosive, harsh environments for at least 1 week. Accordingly, postsynthetically modified derivatives of these COFs using...

Shaping the Water-Harvesting Behavior of Metal–Organic Frameworks Aided by Fine-Tuned GPT Models

Zheng Z
Yaghi OM
2023

We construct a data set of metal–organic framework (MOF) linkers and employ a fine-tuned GPT assistant to propose MOF linker designs by mutating and modifying the existing linker structures. This strategy allows the GPT model to learn the intricate language of chemistry in molecular representations, thereby achieving an enhanced accuracy in generating linker structures compared with its base models. Aiming to highlight the significance of linker design strategies in advancing the discovery of water-harvesting MOFs, we conducted a systematic MOF variant expansion upon state-of-the-art...

Structural Chemistry of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks

Zheng Z
Yaghi OM
2023

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are a subclass of reticular structures based on tetrahedral four-connected networks of zeolites and minerals. They are composed of transition-metal ions and imidazolate-type linkers, and their pore size and shape, surface area, and functionality can be precisely controlled. Despite their potential, two questions remain unanswered: how to synthesize more diverse ZIF structures and how ZIFs differentiate from other crystalline solids. In other words, how can we use our understanding of their unique structures to better design and synthesize ZIFs?...

ChatGPT Research Group for Optimizing the Crystallinity of MOFs and COFs

Zheng Z
Yaghi OM
2023

We leveraged the power of ChatGPT and Bayesian optimization in the development of a multi-AI-driven system, backed by seven large language model-based assistants and equipped with machine learning algorithms, that seamlessly orchestrates a multitude of research aspects in a chemistry laboratory (termed the ChatGPT Research Group). Our approach accelerated the discovery of optimal microwave synthesis conditions, enhancing the crystallinity of MOF-321, MOF-322, and COF-323 and achieving the desired porosity and water capacity. In this system, human researchers gained assistance from...

Directing Molecular Weaving of Covalent Organic Frameworks and Their Dimensionality by Angular Control

Han X
Yaghi OM
2023

Although reticular chemistry has commonly utilized mutually embracing tetrahedral metal complexes as crossing points to generate three-dimensional molecularly woven structures, weaving in two dimensions remains largely unexplored. We report a new strategy to access 2D woven COFs by controlling the angle of the usually linear linker, resulting in the successful synthesis of a 2D woven pattern based on chain-link fence. The synthesis was accomplished by linking aldehyde-functionalized copper(I) bisphenanthroline complexes with bent 4,4′-oxydianiline building units. This results in the...

Harvesting Water in the Classroom

Neumann SE
Yaghi OM
2023

Educational content is consistently adapted to enhance the learning experience of students at all experience and skill levels. Student motivation and accessibility are key factors in teaching science to a broad audience. The presented experiments engage the students by relating the content to that which is immediately relevant to them: the threat of global water scarcity. Through a series of experiments, students discover a potential solution employing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), porous materials capable of harvesting water from the atmosphere, even at low relative humidity. To...

Molecular weaving of chicken-wire covalent organic frameworks

Han X
Yaghi OM
2023

Molecular weaving is the interlacing of covalently linked threads to make extended structures. Although weaving based on 3D networks has been reported, the 2D forms remain largely unexplored. Reticular chemistry uses mutually embracing tetrahedral metal complexes as crossing points, which, when linked, typically lead to 3D woven structures. Realizing 2D weaving patterns requires crossing points with an overall planar geometry. We show that polynuclear helicates composed of multiple metal-complex units, and therefore multiple turns, are well suited in this regard. By reticulating...

A GPT-4 Reticular Chemist for Guiding MOF Discovery

Zheng Z
Yaghi OM
2023

We present a new framework integrating the AI model GPT-4 into the iterative process of reticular chemistry experimentation, leveraging a cooperative workflow of interaction between AI and a human researcher. This GPT-4 Reticular Chemist is an integrated system composed of three phases. Each of these utilizes GPT-4 in various capacities, wherein GPT-4 provides detailed instructions for chemical experimentation and the human provides feedback on the experimental outcomes, including both success and failures, for the in-context learning of AI in the next iteration. This iterative human...

ChatGPT Chemistry Assistant for Text Mining and the Prediction of MOF Synthesis

Zheng Z
Yaghi OM
2023

We use prompt engineering to guide ChatGPT in the automation of text mining of metal–organic framework (MOF) synthesis conditions from diverse formats and styles of the scientific literature. This effectively mitigates ChatGPT’s tendency to hallucinate information, an issue that previously made the use of large language models (LLMs) in scientific fields challenging. Our approach involves the development of a workflow implementing three different processes for text mining, programmed by ChatGPT itself. All of them enable parsing, searching, filtering, classification, summarization,...

A Porous Crystalline Nitrone-Linked Covalent Organic Framework

Kurandina D
Yaghi OM
2023

Herein, we report the synthesis of a nitrone-linked covalent organic framework, COF-115, by combining N, N′, N′, N′′′-(ethene-1, 1, 2, 2-tetrayltetrakis(benzene-4, 1-diyl))tetrakis(hydroxylamine) and terephthaladehyde via a polycondensation reaction. The formation of the nitrone functionality was confirmed by solid-state 13C multi cross-polarization magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy of the 13C-isotope-labeled COF-115 and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The permanent...